INTERPRETING THE COUNCIL: ARCHBISHOP MANNING AND THE VATICAN DECREES CONTROVERSY

Examines the attitudes of William Ewart Gladstone to the doctrine of papal infallibility propounded at the Vatican Council and the responses of John Henry Newman and Henry Edward Manning, who opposed the more extreme ultramontane interpretations of that doctrine. Manning was concerned with dispelling Gladstone\u27s fear that the doctrine might undermine the civil allegiance of English Catholics

ARCHBISHOP MANNING AND THE KULTURKAMPF

Cardinal Henry Edward Manning emerged as the leader of the British Catholic community in denouncing Prince Otto von Bismarck\u27s anti-Catholic Kulturkampf in Germany. In Caesar and Ultramontanism Manning publicly denounced Bismarck\u27s policy and offered a cogent argument in support of church authority

MANNING\u27S ULTRAMONTANISM AND THE CATHOLIC CHURCH IN BRITISH POLITICS

During the 1860\u27s Henry Edward Manning, who had recently converted to Roman Catholicism, advanced a polemical rationale for the doctrine of papal infallibility and justified the Roman pontiff\u27s right to address contemporary political, economic, and social issues

Influence of the pre-treatment of glass substrates on Laser-Induced Backside Wet Etching using NIR Nanosecond-Pulses and Cu-based solutions

Laser induced backside wet etching (LIBWE) has shown to be a promising tool for the micro-structuring of transparent materials. Our group has investigated LIBWE using NIR ns-laser pulses and Cu-based absorber liquids. Focus of this paper is to investigate the influence of the pre-treatment of the transparent substrate on ablation. For this purpose experiments were done on untreated and silanized soda lime glass surfaces. Our results show that depending on the absorber liquid the silanization of the substrate either enhances or delays the ablation. Possible ablation models for the different experimental settings will be discussed